A jewel of the southern sky, the Great Carina Nebula, also known as NGC 3372, spans over 300 light-years, one of our galaxy's largest star forming regions. Like the smaller, more northerly Great Orion Nebula, the Carina Nebula is easily visible to the unaided eye, though at a distance of 7,500 light-years it is some 5 times farther away. This gorgeous telescopic portrait reveals remarkable details of the region's glowing filaments of interstellar gas and obscuring cosmic dust clouds. Wider than the Full Moon in angular size, the field of view stretches nearly 100 light-years across the nebula. The Carina Nebula is home to young, extremely massive stars, including the still enigmatic variable Eta Carinae, a star with well over 100 times the mass of the Sun. Eta Carinae is the brightest star at the left, near the dusty Keyhole Nebula. While Eta Carinae itself maybe on the verge of a supernova explosion, X-ray images indicate that the Great Carina Nebula has been a veritable supernova factory (text adapted from APOD). Apo TEC140 (140/f7.2) - FLI Proline 16803 (4 panels mosaic) - Ha (850m) OIII (1110m) R (290m) G (290m) B (350m) - Warrumbungle Observatory, Coonabarabran, NSW, Australia
Blazing brightly in the southern sky, the supergiant binary Alpha Centauri is the host of an expansive starscape sprinkled with numerous deep sky objects in this telescopic view. The most visually striking of its retinue of glittering jewels is the exotic and unique planetary nebula Hen 2-111, which is one of 468 planetary nebulae that were catalogued by Karl Henize in 1967. The main central part of Hen 2-111 is a bright peanut shaped core that measures only 29 x 15 arcseconds. However, its most visually striking aspect is a faint giant ionized halo that spans 10 x 5 arcminutes! This extreme structure was discovered by B. Louise Webster in 1978 in deep photographic plates taken with the (at the time) Anglo-Australian Observatory. At an estimated distance of 7800 light years, the entire nebula spans approximately 23 light years! The halo is actually a rare bipolar outflow and the other notable planetary nebula known to exhibit this unique feature is the northern hemisphere nebula KjPn 8 in Cassiopeia. Hen 2-111 exhibits some of the highest radial velocities detected in a planetary nebula to date! The radial velocities of the outer lobes are 370 kms, which is indicative of the high speed of the material ejected. Bipolar outflows with even greater velocities have been observed in a few other planetary nebulae. Almost perfectly symmetrical, the geometric regularity of the outflow is due to the ionized gas flowing outwards along the walls of two bi-conical structures. The twisted appearance is caused by the axis of the structures being viewed at an angle of 45 degrees from our line of sight. The most likely explanation for the origin of the outer lobes is an eruptive event of the central star within a circumstellar disk. To the right of Hen 2-111 is the attractive pairing of the open clusters NGC 5617 and Pismis 19. NGC 5617 is the larger and younger of the two and despite its apparent youthful appearance, it is actually an intermediate age cluster with an estimated age of 80 million years. Contrastingly, the smaller rich condensed cluster Pismis 19 appears much older than NGC 5617 and indeed its golden ancient light betrays its great age of 800 million years! It is at a similar distance to Hen 2-111 of about 7800 light years whereas NGC 5617 is much nearer at 5000 light years. However, it is subject to severe reddening due to interstellar dust between us and the cluster and would shine more brightly if this dust was less prevalent. Pismis 19 is one of 24 open clusters that were discovered by Paris Pismis in 1959 by analysing photographic plates taken at the Tonantzintla Observatory. Also barely visible in the glare of Alpha Centauri is a round broken roughly circular shell, which can be seen to the north of the halfway point between Alpha Centauri and Hen 2-111. This is the supernova remnant G315.4-0.3, which was discovered by Anne Green in 1974 and identified as a supernova remnant in 1975. However, its extremely dim optical shell was discovered recently in 2011 in a search for new supernova remnants in SuperCOSMOS Ha Survey (SHS) images by Milorad Stupar and Quentin Parker. Thanks to Sakib Rasool for suggesting me this little known object and for preparing the above object description. Apo TEC140 (140/f7.2) - FLI Proline 16803 - Ha (720m) OIII (660m) R (160m) G (120m) B (180m) - Warrumbungle Observatory, Coonabarabran, NSW, Australia
NGC 3199 lies about 12,000 light-years away, a glowing cosmic cloud in the southern constellation of Carina. The nebula is about 75 light-years across in this haunting, false-color view. Though the deep image reveals a more or less complete ring shape, it does look very lopsided with a much brighter edge at the lower right. Near the center of the ring is a Wolf-Rayet star, a massive, hot, short-lived star that generates an intense stellar wind. In fact, Wolf-Rayet stars are known to create nebulae with interesting shapes as their powerful winds sweep up surrounding interstellar material. In this case, the bright edge was thought to indicate a bow shock produced as the star plowed through a uniform medium, like a boat through water. But measurements have shown the star is not really moving directly toward the bright edge. So a more likely explanation is that the material surrounding the star is not uniform, but clumped and denser near the bright edge of windblown NGC 3199 (text adapted from APOD). Apo TEC140 (140/f7.2) - FLI Proline 16803 - Ha (165m) OIII (210m) R (60m) G (50m) B (50m) - Warrumbungle Observatory, Coonabarabran, NSW, Australia
